Ethical considerations regarding heart and lung transplantation and mechanical circulatory support during the COVID-19 pandemic: an ISHLT COVID-19 Task Force statement.
Identifieur interne : 000587 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000586; suivant : 000588Ethical considerations regarding heart and lung transplantation and mechanical circulatory support during the COVID-19 pandemic: an ISHLT COVID-19 Task Force statement.
Auteurs : Are M. Holm [Norvège] ; Mandeep R. Mehra [États-Unis] ; Andrew Courtwright [États-Unis] ; Jeffrey Teuteberg [États-Unis] ; Stuart Sweet [États-Unis] ; Luciano Potena [Italie] ; Lianne G. Singer [Canada] ; Marta Farrero [Espagne] ; Michael A. Shullo [États-Unis] ; Raymond Benza [États-Unis] ; Stephan Ensminger [Allemagne] ; Saima Aslam [États-Unis]Source :
- The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation [ 1557-3117 ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Accessibilité des services de santé (éthique), Assistance circulatoire mécanique (éthique), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie), Pandémies (MeSH), Pneumopathie virale (épidémiologie), Sélection de patients (éthique), Transplantation cardiaque (éthique), Transplantation pulmonaire (éthique).
- MESH :
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Assisted Circulation (ethics), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), COVID-19 (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology), Health Services Accessibility (ethics), Heart Transplantation (ethics), Humans (MeSH), Lung Transplantation (ethics), Pandemics (MeSH), Patient Selection (ethics), Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology), SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH).
- MESH :
Abstract
To understand the challenges for thoracic transplantation and mechanical circulatory support during the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, we propose separating the effects of the pandemic into 5 distinct stages from a healthcare system perspective. We discuss how the classical ethical principles of utility, justice, and efficiency may need to be adapted, and we give specific recommendations for thoracic transplantation and mechanical circulatory support centers to balance their clinical decisions and strategies for advanced heart and lung disease during the current pandemic.
DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.04.019
PubMed: 32505492
PubMed Central: PMC7195343
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Canada, Espagne, Italie, Norvège, États-Unis
- Californie, Catalogne, Massachusetts, Missouri (État), Ohio, Pennsylvanie, Virginie-Occidentale, Østlandet
- Barcelone, Oslo
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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Shullo</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>West Virginia University Hospitals, Morgantown, West Virginia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Virginie-Occidentale</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>West Virginia University Hospitals, Morgantown</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benza, Raymond" sort="Benza, Raymond" uniqKey="Benza R" first="Raymond" last="Benza">Raymond Benza</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ohio State University, Columbus</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ensminger, Stephan" sort="Ensminger, Stephan" uniqKey="Ensminger S" first="Stephan" last="Ensminger">Stephan Ensminger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Campus Lübeck</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Campus Lübeck</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Campus Lübeck</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aslam, Saima" sort="Aslam, Saima" uniqKey="Aslam S" first="Saima" last="Aslam">Saima Aslam</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California. Electronic address: saslam@health.ucsd.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32505492</idno><idno type="pmid">32505492</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.healun.2020.04.019</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7195343</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000644</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000644</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000644</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000644</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000644</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Ethical considerations regarding heart and lung transplantation and mechanical circulatory support during the COVID-19 pandemic: an ISHLT COVID-19 Task Force statement.</title><author><name sortKey="Holm, Are M" sort="Holm, Are M" uniqKey="Holm A" first="Are M" last="Holm">Are M. Holm</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Respiratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Respiratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oslo</settlement><region nuts="2">Østlandet</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mehra, Mandeep R" sort="Mehra, Mandeep R" uniqKey="Mehra M" first="Mandeep R" last="Mehra">Mandeep R. Mehra</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Advanced Heart Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Center for Advanced Heart Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Courtwright, Andrew" sort="Courtwright, Andrew" uniqKey="Courtwright A" first="Andrew" last="Courtwright">Andrew Courtwright</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teuteberg, Jeffrey" sort="Teuteberg, Jeffrey" uniqKey="Teuteberg J" first="Jeffrey" last="Teuteberg">Jeffrey Teuteberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sweet, Stuart" sort="Sweet, Stuart" uniqKey="Sweet S" first="Stuart" last="Sweet">Stuart Sweet</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Potena, Luciano" sort="Potena, Luciano" uniqKey="Potena L" first="Luciano" last="Potena">Luciano Potena</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cardiovascular Department, Bologna University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Cardiovascular Department, Bologna University Hospital, Bologna</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bologna</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singer, Lianne G" sort="Singer, Lianne G" uniqKey="Singer L" first="Lianne G" last="Singer">Lianne G. Singer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farrero, Marta" sort="Farrero, Marta" uniqKey="Farrero M" first="Marta" last="Farrero">Marta Farrero</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shullo, Michael A" sort="Shullo, Michael A" uniqKey="Shullo M" first="Michael A" last="Shullo">Michael A. Shullo</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>West Virginia University Hospitals, Morgantown, West Virginia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Virginie-Occidentale</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>West Virginia University Hospitals, Morgantown</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benza, Raymond" sort="Benza, Raymond" uniqKey="Benza R" first="Raymond" last="Benza">Raymond Benza</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ohio State University, Columbus</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ensminger, Stephan" sort="Ensminger, Stephan" uniqKey="Ensminger S" first="Stephan" last="Ensminger">Stephan Ensminger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Campus Lübeck</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Campus Lübeck</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Campus Lübeck</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aslam, Saima" sort="Aslam, Saima" uniqKey="Aslam S" first="Saima" last="Aslam">Saima Aslam</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California. Electronic address: saslam@health.ucsd.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation</title><idno type="eISSN">1557-3117</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Assisted Circulation (ethics)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>Health Services Accessibility (ethics)</term><term>Heart Transplantation (ethics)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Lung Transplantation (ethics)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Patient Selection (ethics)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Accessibilité des services de santé (éthique)</term><term>Assistance circulatoire mécanique (éthique)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie)</term><term>Pandémies (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (épidémiologie)</term><term>Sélection de patients (éthique)</term><term>Transplantation cardiaque (éthique)</term><term>Transplantation pulmonaire (éthique)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="ethics" xml:lang="en"><term>Assisted Circulation</term><term>Health Services Accessibility</term><term>Heart Transplantation</term><term>Lung Transplantation</term><term>Patient Selection</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="éthique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Accessibilité des services de santé</term><term>Assistance circulatoire mécanique</term><term>Sélection de patients</term><term>Transplantation cardiaque</term><term>Transplantation pulmonaire</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>COVID-19</term><term>Humans</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>SARS-CoV-2</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Humains</term><term>Pandémies</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">To understand the challenges for thoracic transplantation and mechanical circulatory support during the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, we propose separating the effects of the pandemic into 5 distinct stages from a healthcare system perspective. We discuss how the classical ethical principles of utility, justice, and efficiency may need to be adapted, and we give specific recommendations for thoracic transplantation and mechanical circulatory support centers to balance their clinical decisions and strategies for advanced heart and lung disease during the current pandemic.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32505492</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>24</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>10</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1557-3117</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>39</Volume><Issue>7</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Heart Lung Transplant</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Ethical considerations regarding heart and lung transplantation and mechanical circulatory support during the COVID-19 pandemic: an ISHLT COVID-19 Task Force statement.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>619-626</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1053-2498(20)31531-X</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.healun.2020.04.019</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>To understand the challenges for thoracic transplantation and mechanical circulatory support during the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, we propose separating the effects of the pandemic into 5 distinct stages from a healthcare system perspective. We discuss how the classical ethical principles of utility, justice, and efficiency may need to be adapted, and we give specific recommendations for thoracic transplantation and mechanical circulatory support centers to balance their clinical decisions and strategies for advanced heart and lung disease during the current pandemic.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Holm</LastName><ForeName>Are M</ForeName><Initials>AM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Respiratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mehra</LastName><ForeName>Mandeep R</ForeName><Initials>MR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Advanced Heart Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Courtwright</LastName><ForeName>Andrew</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Teuteberg</LastName><ForeName>Jeffrey</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sweet</LastName><ForeName>Stuart</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Potena</LastName><ForeName>Luciano</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cardiovascular Department, Bologna University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Singer</LastName><ForeName>Lianne G</ForeName><Initials>LG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Farrero</LastName><ForeName>Marta</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shullo</LastName><ForeName>Michael A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>West Virginia University Hospitals, Morgantown, West Virginia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Benza</LastName><ForeName>Raymond</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ensminger</LastName><ForeName>Stephan</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aslam</LastName><ForeName>Saima</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California. Electronic address: saslam@health.ucsd.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016421">Editorial</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>25</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Heart Lung Transplant</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9102703</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1053-2498</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>J Heart Lung Transplant. 2020 Aug;39(8):852-853</RefSource><PMID Version="1">32576419</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001243" MajorTopicYN="N">Assisted Circulation</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000941" MajorTopicYN="Y">ethics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="Y">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006297" MajorTopicYN="N">Health Services Accessibility</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000941" MajorTopicYN="Y">ethics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016027" MajorTopicYN="N">Heart Transplantation</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000941" MajorTopicYN="Y">ethics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016040" MajorTopicYN="N">Lung Transplantation</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000941" MajorTopicYN="Y">ethics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018579" MajorTopicYN="N">Patient Selection</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000941" MajorTopicYN="N">ethics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">MCS</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">SARS-CoV-2</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">ethics</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">thoracic transplant</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate 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